Fig. 6

Schematic illustration of the bloom process in natural oceans and calculated chlorophyll fluorescence intensity. S1, S2, and S3 represent three stages with different cell density, during blooms accompanied with huge biomass and large-scale in actual oceans. The intracellular distance was calculated by cell density. Chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in 1 mL water body were measured according to light spectral in Fig. 4. Chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in “sandwich” structure with 80 mL waterbody according to light spectral in Fig. 5. Chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in open oceans with a large scale was calculated using the mathematical model