Fig. 4
From: Aerodynamics and motor control of ultrasonic vocalizations for social communication in mice and rats
The alar edge and ventral pouch are not required for USV production in rat and mouse larynges. Example spectrograms of normal fUSVs (left) and blocked alar edge and filled ventral pouch (right) by small aluminum sphere in A rat and B mouse larynx. C 6 out of 7 rat larynges and D 6 out of 6 mice larynges produced fUSVs with filled ventral pouch. Boxplots indicate median, 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers extend to most extreme data points, excluding outliers. For raw data and statistical test results, see Table 3. E Computational fluid dynamic simulations in the rat larynx slice and F 3D rendering show that also with a filled ventral pouch, a jet forms that impinges on the thyroid wall with negligible effect on the jet length and angle