Fig. 6
From: Aerodynamics and motor control of ultrasonic vocalizations for social communication in mice and rats
Embodied motor control model extracts motor gestures for rat USVs call types. A Driven by USV frequency (top; orange stable frequencies) and subglottal pressure (middle), our model predicts muscle activity (bottom) in time and B as continuous gestures in motor space for two common USV call types. We included 22 and 50 kHz calls, including the subtypes with frequency modulations. The color-coded frequency trajectories in A are the stable frequencies that correspond to the gestures in B. The dots are color-coded for f1 and indicate points in motor space where the whistle is stable. Muscles: AI, interarytenoid; CT, cricothyroid; TA, thyroarytenoid; PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid and RM, respiratory muscles