Fig. 14From: The velvet worm brain unveils homologies and evolutionary novelties across panarthropodsAlignment of cephalic segments and appendages across panarthropods. a Homology of anterior appendages in onychophorans and Cambrian lobopodians as proposed by Ou et al. [256] and Legg and Vannier [264]. Diagrams of †O. ferox †A. pedunculata and †Anomalocaris spp. after [256], [265], and [264, 266], respectively. Anterior end of stage IV embryo of E. rowelli redrawn from [59] to illustrate the position of developing limbs prior to their reorganisation and incorporation into the head. b Alignment of anterior segments with corresponding appendages in onychophorans, tardigrades and arthropods. Combined after [15, 59, 85, 251, 255, 259, 260]. Note that the condition illustrated for myriapods is also found in hexapodes within Pancrustacea. DE, deutocerebrum; IC, intercalary segment (without appendages); PR, protocerebrum; TG1, TG2, TG3, trunk ganglia 1 to 3; TR, tritocerebrumBack to article page