Fig. 4.

A Orchard plots showing mean effects of increased dietary BCAAs on indicators of body composition and food intake. Thick error bars are 95% confidence intervals (CI; i.e. statistical significance) and fine error bars 95% prediction intervals (i.e. heterogeneity in reported effects; the range within which 95% of effect sizes are expected to fall), and k is the number of effect sizes (lnRR). Positive effects indicate that the outcome measure is higher on the experimental diet (with higher BCAAs) than the control diet. B, D, E Bubble plots for lnRR of body mass, food and energy intake as a function of nutritional moderators. Red line indicates the fitted values from meta-regression, with the shaded area the CI. C Surface showing meta-regression estimate of lnRR for percentage fat mass as a function of the difference in the ratio of dietary BCAA:non-BCAA between experimental and control diets and the protein to carbohydrate ratio of the control diet. On surfaces, red colours indicate positive effects, blue colours negative effects and purple areas on inlaid panels indicate that the CI for that region of the surface does not span zero. All fitted values come from the AIC-favoured model (see Additional File 1: Table S5 for coefficients). Where shown, individual effect sizes are scaled by their precision