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Fig. 3 | BMC Biology

Fig. 3

From: The industrial solvent 1,4-dioxane causes hyperalgesia by targeting capsaicin receptor TRPV1

Fig. 3

1,4-Dioxane lowers the temperature threshold of TRPV1 thermal activation. a Ultrafast temperature jumps from 30 to 53°C generated by infrared laser irradiation. Temperature pulses at 37°C and 43°C are shown in purple and red, respectively. b TRPV1 thermal responses before and after 1,4-dioxane treatment: b1, responses at control; b2 and b3, responses to same temperature in the presence of 0.5% and 1% 1,4-dioxane, respectively; and b4, responses after washout. Holding potential was −60 mV. c Comparison of current-temperature relationships. Temperature response curves were measured from the maximal current at the end of each temperature step. Shown are representatives of six independent experiments with similar results. d Summary effects of 1,4-dioxane on the temperature threshold (Tthreshold) changes, Tthreshold = 41.0 ± 0.6°C and 41.3 ± 0.5°C for control (n = 6) and washout (n = 6), Tthreshold = 38.1 ± 0.8°C and 35.7 ± 0.6°C for the treatment with 0.5% (n = 6), and 1% (n = 6) 1,4-dioxane, respectively. e Whole-cell TRPV1 currents evoked by variable 1,4-dioxane concentrations at 23°C and 37°C. Heat-evoked current traces were recorded in whole-cell configuration from TRPV1-expressing HEK 293 cells held at −60 mV. The temperature pulse (37°C) is shown in gray. f Dose dependence of 1,4-dioxane for data in e. The solid lines represent fit to Hill’s equation with EC50 = 2.03 ± 0.05% and nH = 3.5 ± 0.39 at 23°C (n = 10), and EC50 = 1.04 ± 0.02% and nH = 2.9 ± 0.5 at 37°C (n = 10)

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