Fig. 1

Phylogeny of pycnogonid families and overview of taxa studied. The cladogram is based on [73]. The family Endeidae (green) has been studied with the widest range of methods and highest replication. For comparison, the other families have been investigated in varying detail, the spectrum of methods used and replication decreasing from magenta (Pycnogonidae, Phoxichilidiidae, Ammotheidae, “Callipallenidae”, Nymphonidae) to yellow (Pallenopsidae, Ascorhynchidae) and white (Austrodecidae, Rhynchothoracidae, Colossendeidae). See Additional file 1: Table S1 for more details