Fig. 3

Predicted frequencies of the Vgsc-995F allele in malaria vector species for four countries in east Africa: Sudan (top row; the mapped area is confined to a region in the west (see the “Methods” section)), Ethiopia (second row), Kenya (third row), and Uganda (bottom row). Allele frequency maps for the first and final year are shown: the year 2005 is shown on the left (columns 1 and 2) and the year 2017 is shown on the right (columns 3 and 4). Columns 1 and 3 show maps for An. gambiae, and columns 2 and 4 show maps for An. arabiensis