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Fig. 1 | BMC Biology

Fig. 1

From: Verticillium dahliae CFEM proteins manipulate host immunity and differentially contribute to virulence

Fig. 1

Identification of the broad-spectrum cell death suppression of small cysteine-rich CFEM protein family members in Verticillium dahliae. A Features of the primary structures of CFEM-containing SCPs. Red, blue, and green columns represent the signal peptide, CFEM domain, and unknown peptide, respectively. B Heat map of suppression activity of nine CFEM-containing VdSCPs against other identified V. dahliae cell death-inducing proteins VdSCP27, VdSCP113, VdSCP126, VdNLP1, VdNLP2, VdEG1, and VdEG3 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The co-expression of CFEM-containing VdSCPs with Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) was used as control. The percentage of inhibition was the number of necrosis leaves in the total number of treated leaves. The heatmap scale bar represents the necrosis suppression ratio of nine CFEM-containing VdSCPs. C Suppression activity of nine CFEM-containing VdSCPs against known V. dahliae cell death-inducing proteins VdSCP27, VdSCP113, VdSCP126, VdNLP1, VdNLP2, VdEG1, and VdEG3 transiently expressed in 4-week-old N. benthamiana leaves. GFP expression was used as a control. D Features of the gene structures of CFEM-containing VdSCPs VdSCP76 and VdSCP77. Green and gray columns represent exon and intron regions, respectively. Arrows indicate the direction, 5′ > 3′, of VdSCP76 and VdSCP77

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