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Fig. 5 | BMC Biology

Fig. 5

From: Phylogenomic analysis of Syngnathidae reveals novel relationships, origins of endemic diversity and variable diversification rates

Fig. 5

Time frame of diversification and biogeographic evolution of Syngnathiformes. A Time-calibrated tree of Syngnathiformes and biogeographic history based on the dataset with 238 species. Fossil calibration was performed in BEAST2 using 14 syngnathiform fossils on a partitioned, highly complete dataset (97% matrix, 138 loci, 39,012 bp) and a fixed tree topology as obtained from the 75% matrix. Boxes on the right indicate current distributions color coded to match the regions outlined on the map inset. Reconstructions of likely geographic distributions of ancestors were performed using the best-fitting BAYAREALIKE+j+w model. Fossil taxa were included in the analysis, the gray box indicating their age and the dotted line indicating their hypothesized position in the phylogeny. The vertical gray lines indicate three time slices representing different time periods potentially impacting ancestral distributions. A zoomable figure with all terminal labels can be found in Additional file 1: Fig. S11. B Results from Bayesian Stochastic Mapping (BSM) to summarize the number of dispersal events between different regions. The number of inferred events averaged over 100 simulated histories is shown above the arrows and as arrow width

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