Fig. 4

Biting behavior of female mosquitoes under different light intensities. a–d Biting preference between hosts from illuminated and shaded environment. a Assay schematic and b–d percent of Ae. aegypti (b), Ae. albopictus (c), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (d) that bitted hosts in illuminated and shaded environment (n = 400, 400, 450 females). e–h Biting preference for hosts in environment with different illumination intensities. e Assay schematic and f–h percent of Ae. aegypti (f), Ae. albopictus (g), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (h) that bitted hosts in environment with indicated illumination intensities (n = 800, 800, 1200 females). b–d, f–h Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Each dot represents the blood feeding rate of each biological repeat. Total number of mosquitoes used are indicated. The data are presented as the number of fully engorged mosquitoes that bitted host in environment with indicated illumination intensities in relative to the total mosquitoes released. b–d Mann-Whitney test (b, d) or unpaired t test with Welch’s correction (c) was performed for testing between two groups. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. f, h Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was performed for testing among different groups. g One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for testing among different groups. f–h Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different. Experimental groups denoted by “ab” are not significantly different from either “a” or “b” groups