Fig. 5

Expression patterns of candidate genes identified by paralogy-orthology analysis in P. mammillata. In situ hybridization at several developmental stages for P. mammillata candidate genes identified after paralogy analysis with new ascidian vPNS genes (Id.e (A-D) and Id.f (E–H)); or orthology analysis with candidate genes identified in amphioxus by RNA-seq: Brsk (I–L), Insm (M–P), Jagged (Q–T), Ncam (U–X), Prox.b (Y–B’), Prox.a (C’–F’) and Wnt3 (G’–J’). Genes expressed in the VML are represented by a blue circle and genes expressed in ventral ESNs by a purple circle. Embryos are shown in lateral view with dorsal to the top and anterior to the left except for A and Q which are in dorsal view with anterior to the left and right side to the top. Scale bar: 50 μm