Fig. 3.From: Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traitsNRSC (in grey) mechanisms of action (Table 1). Direct mechanisms include (1) protein-coding gene expression in somatic tissues, while indirect mechanisms are exerted through (2) regulation of other chromosomes (via transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, heterochromatin effects or imprinting) or (3) sex hormonesBack to article page