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Fig. 1 | BMC Biology

Fig. 1

From: Receptor deorphanization in an echinoderm reveals kisspeptin evolution and relationship with SALMFamide neuropeptides

Fig. 1

Phylogenetic analysis of bilaterian kisspeptin-type receptors, including A. rubens receptors ArKPR1-11. The phylogenetic tree, which was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method and rooted with galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors as an outgroup, comprises three distinct clades, with bootstrap support > 90. Clade 1 includes ArKPR2-4 (ArubKPR2-4) and chordate kisspeptin-type receptors. Clade 2 includes ArKPR1 and protostome (annelid, mollusk) kisspeptin-type receptors. Clade 3 comprises three sub-clades: clade 3.1 includes ArKPR8-9 (ArubKPR8-9) and related receptors in other echinoderms and the hemichordate S. kowalevskii, clade 3.2 includes ArKPR5-7 (ArubKPR5-7) and related receptors in other echinoderms and the hemichordate S. kowalevskii, and clade 3.3 includes ArKPR10-11 (ArubKPR10-11) and related receptors in other echinoderms. The stars represent branch support (bootstrap 1000 replicates) and the pastel-colored backgrounds represent taxonomic groups (see key). The arrowheads label the eleven A. rubens kisspeptin-type receptors ArKPR1-11. The scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site. Receptors for which ligands have been identified experimentally in this study or other published studies are colored in blue. Species names are as follows: Apla, Acanthaster planci; Ajap, Apostichopus japonicus; Arub, Asterias rubens, Anjap Annessia japonica; Bbel, Branchiostoma belcheri; Ctel, Capitella teleta; Cgig, Crassostrea gigas; Hsap, Homo sapiens; Lcha, Latimeria chalumnae; Locu, Lepisosteus oculatus; Lgig, Lottia gigantea; Mmus, Mus musculus; Pdum, Platynereis dumerilii; Pbiv, Python bivittatus; Skow, Saccoglossus kowalevskii; Spur, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Xtro, Xenopus tropicalis. Accession numbers for the sequences of the receptors included in this tree are listed in Additional file 3

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