Table 12 Fixed-effects panel regression results. Dependent variable is the log number of citations per paper, and the “specialization” variable is standardized. Standard errors are in parentheses. All control variables described in the main manuscript are included. Based on 1396 unique biomedical researchers assigned to the discipline infectious diseases with at least 100 publications

Specialization

0.264***

0.395***

0.436***

0.763***

(0.014)

(0.020)

(0.027)

(0.047)

Specialization × career age

− 0.009***

− 0.027***

(0.001)

(0.003)

Specialization × papers

− 0.057***

− 0.105***

(0.007)

(0.014)

Career age × papers

0.013***

(0.002)

Specialization × career age × papers

0.005***

(0.001)

Observations

10,073

10,073

10,073

10,073

R ²

0.262

0.269

0.267

0.276

Adjusted R²

0.140

0.149

0.146

0.156

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Researcher fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes