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Table 15 Fixed-effects panel regression results. Dependent variable is the log number of citations per paper, and the “specialization” variable is standardized. Standard errors are in parentheses. All control variables described in the main manuscript are included. Based on 902 unique biomedical researchers assigned to the discipline radiology with between 75 and 99 career publications

From: Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Specialization

0.223***

0.288***

0.344***

0.465***

 

(0.021)

(0.030)

(0.042)

(0.080)

Specialization × career age

 

− 0.005*

 

− 0.009

  

(0.002)

 

(0.005)

Specialization × papers

  

− 0.045**

− 0.044

   

(0.013)

(0.027)

Career age × papers

   

0.007

    

(0.004)

Specialization × career age × papers

   

− 0.0001

    

(0.002)

Observations

5483

5483

5483

5483

R 2

0.212

0.214

0.214

0.217

Adjusted R2

0.050

0.052

0.052

0.055

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Researcher fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. *p < 0.01; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001