Table 16 Fixed-effects panel regression results. Dependent variable is the log number of citations per paper, and the “specialization” variable is standardized. Standard errors are in parentheses. All control variables described in the main manuscript are included. Based on 944 unique biomedical researchers assigned to the discipline nephrology with at least 100 publications

Specialization

0.236***

0.292***

0.378***

0.479***

(0.018)

(0.023)

(0.034)

(0.059)

Specialization × career age

− 0.004**

− 0.008

(0.001)

(0.004)

Specialization × papers

− 0.046***

− 0.047*

(0.009)

(0.017)

Career age × papers

0.007*

(0.002)

Specialization × career cge × papers

0.0004

(0.001)

Observations

6738

6738

6738

6738

R ²

0.266

0.268

0.270

0.271

Adjusted R²

0.142

0.144

0.146

0.147

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Researcher fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes