Table 4 Fixed-effects panel regression results. Dependent variable is the log number of citations per paper, and the “specialization” variable is standardized. Standard errors are in parentheses. All control variables described in the main manuscript are included. Based on 10,889 unique biomedical researchers assigned to the discipline molecular and cell biology with at least 100 publications

Specialization

0.251***

0.323***

0.422***

0.708***

(0.005)

(0.007)

(0.009)

(0.015)

Specialization × career age

− 0.005***

− 0.022***

(0.0003)

(0.001)

Specialization × papers

− 0.057***

− 0.105***

(0.002)

(0.004)

Career age × papers

0.015***

(0.001)

Specialization × career age × papers

0.004***

(0.0003)

Observations

81,398

81,398

81,398

81,398

R ²

0.163

0.166

0.169

0.177

Adjusted R²

0.033

0.037

0.040

0.049

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Researcher fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes