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Table 8 Fixed-effects panel regression results. Dependent variable is the log number of citations per paper, and the “specialization” variable is standardized. Standard errors are in parentheses. All control variables described in the main manuscript are included. Based on 2994 unique biomedical researchers assigned to the discipline neuroscience with at least 100 publications

From: Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Specialization

0.225***

0.365***

0.479***

0.749***

 

(0.009)

(0.013)

(0.017)

(0.029)

Specialization × career age

 

− 0.009***

 

− 0.022***

  

(0.001)

 

(0.002)

Specialization × papers

  

− 0.082***

− 0.111***

   

(0.005)

(0.009)

Career age × papers

   

0.013***

    

(0.001)

Specialization × career age × papers

   

0.003***

    

(0.001)

Observations

22,006

22,006

22,006

22,006

R 2

0.219

0.229

0.231

0.240

Adjusted R2

0.094

0.106

0.108

0.119

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Researcher fixed-effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. *p < 0.01; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001