Fig. 1

CRISPR/Cas9 directed heritable mutagenesis of Orco in Helicoverpa armigera. A Schematic of the Orco structure. Exons are shown as boxes and introns as bent lines. Shaded boxes represent the coding sequences of the Orco gene. An sgRNA targeting the sequence of exon 3 is indicated (PAM: red). A representation of mutations with a 2-bp deletion (− 2 bp) is shown (Orco^−2 bp). B DNA sequencing chromatograms of Orco in the wild type (WT) (top), heterozygous mutant (Orco^+/−) (middle), and homozygous mutant (Orco^−/−) (bottom). Targeted sequences are underlined and PAM sequences (CGG) are in boxes (inverted triangles indicate the expected cleavage sites of the Cas9 protein). C Predicted secondary structure of Orco in the WT (top) and Orco in the homozygous mutant (Orco^−/−) (bottom). These models were predicted using the software TOPO2 (http://www.sacs.ucsf.edu/TOPO2/) based on the methods [11]