Fig. 1.

Intestinal infection induces a learned reflexive aversion requiring multiple chemosensory neurons. A Diagram of the assays to determine learned avoidance (left) and naïve reflexive aversion (right). Details of assays can be found in the Materials and Methods. B Response index to P. aeruginosa for both naïve (gray) and trained (green) animals with either no neurons ablated (N2, WT) or ASE (PR680), ASH (JN1713), ASI (PY7505), AWB (JN1715), or AWC (PY7502) neurons ablated. C Response index to E. faecalis for the same groups as in B. For both B and C, two-way ANOVA with subsequent comparison to naïve or trained WT groups was performed. Error bars depict standard deviation. N = 25 (individual dots) for all groups. D Schematic of the sensorimotor circuit and protocol used in the Neural Interactome (left). AWB neurons were stimulated at 5.0 nA, and the activity of VA, DA, AS, VD, and DD motor neurons (dashed-outline) was recorded. There is no direct connection between AWB neurons and the motor neurons, so an unknown interneuron must complete the circuit (question mark). Pink circle = sensory neuron; red square = interneuron; purple triangle = motor neuron. The recorded activity of the motor neurons is presented as a heatmap (right), with rows representing individual neuronal membrane voltage (in millivolts (mV)) over time (in seconds). The first two neurons of each motor neuron class were chosen for ease of visualization. E An updated schematic of the stimulation protocol (left). AVA, AVD, and AVE command interneurons (CIs) were stimulated at 0.9 nA along with the 5.0 nA stimulation of AWB neurons. This resulted in oscillations in the motor neurons (right). There is no direct connection between AWB neurons and the CIs, so another interneuron must complete the circuit (question mark)