Fig. 8.

Ecological and evolutionary studies’ median statistical power to detect ‘true’ effects that were approximated by meta-analytic mean effect size estimates (labels: Meta-analysis, Sampling) and their bias-corrected versions (labels: cMeta-analysis, cSampling). On the y-axis, effect size metrics with different subscripts represent different individual meta-analyses (see Fig. 2). Sampling = statistical power at sampling level (primary studies). cSampling = statistical power at sampling level after correcting for publication bias. Meta-analysis = statistical power at meta-analysis level. cMeta-analysis = statistical power at meta-analysis level after correcting for publication bias. See more details in the legend of Fig. 3. All figures were drawn via geom_tile() function in ggplot2 R package (version 2.0) [61]