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Fig. 3 | BMC Biology

Fig. 3

From: Rapid identification of mosquito species and age by mass spectrometric analysis

Fig. 3

Resolution of local mosquito species using wild-derived specimens. Mosquito larvae collected from the wild (Neston region, north west UK) were raised to adults (males and females, ages from 0 to 4 days) and identified by morphological examination, before being killed and stored at − 20 °C for varying lengths of time. Collection of larvae as well as REIMS analysis of stored adults occurred over several months. The data acquired for a total of seven species (80 individuals per species) was analysed in Offline Model Builder via PC-LDA using 100 PCs (a, b). Visualisation was aided by removing clearly separated species groups (Cs. annulata, Cx. pipiens, Ae. caspius) from the model (c) and axis rotation. The PC-LDA separation was resonant with the phylogenetic relationships of these species (d). The OMB model was cross-validated (using the option ‘Leave 20% out’ and a standard deviation of 5) and reached a classification accuracy of 98%. Additionally, the data was analysed using a random forest algorithm, which produced a separation accuracy of 91% (section b). Details of the cross-validation and random forest results can be found in Additional file 2: Sup. Figure 5

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