Fig. 3

Promoter characteristics and gene expression in retrotransposition-mediated duplication. A,B The number of TF binding events in promoters of human and mouse genes, in gene duplicates that recently duplicated through retrotransposition (151 and 196 pairs, respectively). The left distribution corresponds to the original gene, and the right to the retrocopied gene. Comparison between the distributions was preformed using a Mann–Whitney one-sided test. C,D Mean expression level of human and mouse genes, in gene duplicates that recently duplicated through retrotransposition. The left distribution corresponds to the original gene, and the right to the retrocopied gene. Comparison between the distributions was preformed using a Mann–Whitney one-sided test. E,F Pie charts showing the partition of gene duplicates that recently duplicated through retrotransposition in human and mouse, based on the promoter architecture of the original and the retrocopied genes. Each gene in these pairs can either be a CGI gene or a CGI-less gene, yielding four possible combinations. The combination is denoted using an arrow pointing from the original gene to the retrocopy gene (for example, CGI->Less denotes the fraction of gene pairs that have CGI in promoters of the original gene and are depleted of CGI in promoters of the retrocopied gene). (***P < 0.001)