Fig. 6

Relationship between effect size and lifespan, publication journal impact factor, and publication year for mean reproductive investment responses to an immune challenge. Size of each point corresponds to the precision (inverse of standard error). k refers to the number of effect sizes. Y axes were truncated at − 1 and 1 to improve the visibility of the summary plots (i.e. fitted line, confidence intervals, and prediction intervals). See supplementary figure S3 (Additional file 3) for untruncated versions of the plots