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  1. Gene duplication is a prevalent phenomenon and a major driving force underlying genome evolution. The process leading to the fixation of gene duplicates following duplication is critical to understand how geno...

    Authors: Yong Jia, Mingrui Xu, Haifei Hu, Brett Chapman, Calum Watt, B. Buerte, Ning Han, Muyuan Zhu, Hongwu Bian, Chengdao Li and Zhanghui Zeng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:25
  2. Studying genomic variation in rapidly evolving pathogens potentially enables identification of genes supporting their “core biology”, being present, functional and expressed by all strains or “flexible biology...

    Authors: Hongxin Chen, Robert King, Dan Smith, Carlos Bayon, Tom Ashfield, Stefano Torriani, Kostya Kanyuka, Kim Hammond-Kosack, Stephane Bieri and Jason Rudd
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:24
  3. Cancer heterogeneity is a main obstacle for the development of effective therapies, as its replication in in vitro preclinical models is challenging. Around 96% of developed drugs are estimated to fail from di...

    Authors: Antonella Raffo-Romero, Soulaimane Aboulouard, Emmanuel Bouchaert, Agata Rybicka, Dominique Tierny, Nawale Hajjaji, Isabelle Fournier, Michel Salzet and Marie Duhamel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:23
  4. Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) spectrum disease encompasses a group of eye malformations which play a role in childhood visual impairment. Although the predominant cause of eye malformations ...

    Authors: Justine M. Chee, Louise Lanoue, Dave Clary, Kendall Higgins, Lynette Bower, Ann Flenniken, Ruolin Guo, David J. Adams, Fatima Bosch, Robert E. Braun, Steve D. M. Brown, H.-J. Genie Chin, Mary E. Dickinson, Chih-Wei Hsu, Michael Dobbie, Xiang Gao…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:22
  5. In a range of human disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) can be produced at very high concentrations. This can lead to pathological aggregation and deposition of IgLCs i...

    Authors: Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann, Thomas Pauly, Rasmus K. Norrild, Jan Hansen, Florian Tucholski, Magnus Haraldson Høie, Paolo Marcatili, Mathieu Dupré, Magalie Duchateau, Martial Rey, Christian Malosse, Sabine Metzger, Amelie Boquoi, Florian Platten, Stefan U. Egelhaaf, Julia Chamot-Rooke…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:21
  6. DNA mutations of diverse types provide the raw material required for phenotypic variation and evolution. In the case of crop species, previous research aimed to elucidate the changing patterns of repetitive se...

    Authors: Xiaoming Zheng, Limei Zhong, Hongbo Pang, Siyu Wen, Fei Li, Danjing Lou, Jinyue Ge, Weiya Fan, Tianyi Wang, Zhenyun Han, Weihua Qiao, Xiaowu Pan, Yebao Zhu, Jilin Wang, Cuifeng Tang, Xinhua Wang…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:20
  7. Skeletal muscle development is a multistep process whose understanding is central in a broad range of fields and applications, from the potential medical value to human society, to its economic value associate...

    Authors: Shufang Cai, Bin Hu, Xiaoyu Wang, Tongni Liu, Zhuhu Lin, Xian Tong, Rong Xu, Meilin Chen, Tianqi Duo, Qi Zhu, Ziyun Liang, Enru Li, Yaosheng Chen, Jianhao Li, Xiaohong Liu and Delin Mo
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:19
  8. The loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), the most widely distributed species of the family Cobitidae, displays a mud-dwelling behavior and intestinal air-breathing, inhabiting the muddy bottom of extensive freshwa...

    Authors: Bing Sun, Yuwei Huang, L. Filipe C. Castro, Su Yang, Songqian Huang, Wu Jin, He Zhou, Shigeho Ijiri, Yi Luo, Jian Gao and Xiaojuan Cao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:18
  9. The majority of genes in the human genome is present in two copies but the expression levels of both alleles is not equal. Allelic imbalance is an aspect of gene expression relevant not only in the context of ...

    Authors: Paweł Joachimiak, Adam Ciesiołka, Emilia Kozłowska, Paweł M. Świtoński, Grzegorz Figura, Agata Ciołak, Grażyna Adamek, Magdalena Surdyka, Żaneta Kalinowska-Pośka, Maciej Figiel, Nicholas S. Caron, Michael R. Hayden and Agnieszka Fiszer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:17
  10. Proteins of the TGFβ family, which are largely studied as homodimers, are also known to form heterodimers with biological activity distinct from their component homodimers. For instance, heterodimers of bone m...

    Authors: Gregory R. Gipson, Kristof Nolan, Chandramohan Kattamuri, Alan P. Kenny, Zachary Agricola, Nicole A. Edwards, Joseph Zinski, Magdalena Czepnik, Mary C. Mullins, Aaron M. Zorn and Thomas B. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:16
  11. Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in crops. The fungal strains are classified into anastomosis groups (AGs); however, genomic complexity, diversification into the AGs and th...

    Authors: Aleena Francis, Srayan Ghosh, Kriti Tyagi, V. Prakasam, Mamta Rani, Nagendra Pratap Singh, Amrita Pradhan, R. M. Sundaram, C. Priyanka, G. S. Laha, C. Kannan, M. S. Prasad, Debasis Chattopadhyay and Gopaljee Jha
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:15
  12. Purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors (P2Y1-R and P2Y12-R) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to mediate platelet activation, thereby playing a pivotal role in hemostasi...

    Authors: Agnès Ribes, Cédric Garcia, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Evi Kostenis, Laurent O. Martinez, Bernard Payrastre, Jean-Michel Sénard, Céline Galés and Véronique Pons
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:14
  13. Folates are crucial for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, essential for cell proliferation and development. Folate deficiency induces DNA damage, developmental defects, and tumorigenicity. The o...

    Authors: Michal Stark, May Levin, Igor Ulitsky and Yehuda G. Assaraf
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:13
  14. Protein solubility is a precondition for efficient heterologous protein expression at the basis of most industrial applications and for functional interpretation in basic research. However, recurrent formation...

    Authors: Chao Wang and Quan Zou
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:12
  15. Insects live in almost every habitat on earth. To adapt to their diverse environments, insects have developed a myriad of different strategies for reproduction reflected in diverse anatomical and behavioral fe...

    Authors: Heng Zhang, Feng Guang Goh, Lee Ching Ng, Chun Hong Chen and Yu Cai
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:11
  16. A rapid, accurate method to identify and to age-grade mosquito populations would be a major advance in predicting the risk of pathogen transmission and evaluating the public health impact of vector control int...

    Authors: Iris Wagner, Linda Grigoraki, Peter Enevoldson, Michael Clarkson, Sam Jones, Jane L. Hurst, Robert J. Beynon and Hilary Ranson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:10
  17. Regulatory T cells (Treg) in diverse species include CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In all species, CD8+ Treg have been only partially characterized and there is no rat model in which CD4+ and CD8+ FOXP3+ Treg are geneti...

    Authors: Séverine Ménoret, Laurent Tesson, Séverine Remy, Victor Gourain, Céline Sérazin, Claire Usal, Aude Guiffes, Vanessa Chenouard, Laure-Hélène Ouisse, Malika Gantier, Jean-Marie Heslan, Cynthia Fourgeux, Jeremie Poschmann, Carole Guillonneau and Ignacio Anegon
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:8
  18. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although...

    Authors: Andrea Orús-Alcalde, Aina Børve and Andreas Hejnol
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:7
  19. Methods for the long-term in situ transduction of the unperturbed murine intestinal epithelium have not been developed in past research. Such a method could speed up functional studies and screens to identify ...

    Authors: George B. Garside, Madeline Sandoval, Slobodan Beronja and K. Lenhard Rudolph
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:6
  20. Eusociality is widely considered to evolve through kin selection, where the reproductive success of an individual’s close relative is favored at the expense of its own. High genetic relatedness is thus conside...

    Authors: Samuel D. Robinson, Vanessa Schendel, Christina I. Schroeder, Sarah Moen, Alexander Mueller, Andrew A. Walker, Naomi McKinnon, G. Gregory Neely, Irina Vetter, Glenn F. King and Eivind A. B. Undheim
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:5
  21. Camponotus floridanus ant colonies are comprised of a single reproductive queen and thousands of sterile female offspring that consist of two morphologically distinct castes: smaller minors and larger majors. Min...

    Authors: S. T. Ferguson, I. Bakis, N. D. Edwards and L. J. Zwiebel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:3
  22. The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution an...

    Authors: Minghui Jin, Bo Liu, Weigang Zheng, Conghui Liu, Zhenxing Liu, Yuan He, Xiaokang Li, Chao Wu, Ping Wang, Kaiyu Liu, Shigang Wu, Hangwei Liu, Swapan Chakrabarty, Haibin Yuan, Kenneth Wilson, Kongming Wu…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:2
  23. Prolonged cellular activity may overload cell function, leading to high rates of protein synthesis and accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activ...

    Authors: Amina Aboufares El Alaoui, Edgar Buhl, Sabrina Galizia, James J. L. Hodge, Luisa de Vivo and Michele Bellesi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:1
  24. Laterality in relation to behavior and sensory systems is found commonly in a variety of animal taxa. Despite the advantages conferred by laterality (e.g., the startle response and complex motor activities), l...

    Authors: Vânia Filipa Lima Fernandes, Yannik Glaser, Motoko Iwashita and Masato Yoshizawa
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:295
  25. SMYD3, a member of the SET and MYND domain-containing (SMYD) family, is a histone methyltransferase (HMT) and transcription factor that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation in human carcinogen...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Rongfang Qiu, Siyu Zhao, Lin Shen, Bufu Tang, Qiaoyou Weng, Ziwei Xu, Liyun Zheng, Weiqian Chen, Gaofeng Shu, Yajie Wang, Zhongwei Zhao, Minjiang Chen and Jiansong Ji
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:294
  26. Antibody affinity maturation in vertebrates requires the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which initiates secondary antibody diversification by mutating the immunoglobulin loci. AID-driven an...

    Authors: Atefeh Ghorbani, S. Javad Khataeipour, Monica H. Solbakken, David N. G. Huebert, Minasadat Khoddami, Khalil Eslamloo, Cassandra Collins, Tiago Hori, Sissel Jentoft, Matthew L. Rise and Mani Larijani
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:293
  27. The ongoing adaptation of plants to their environment is the basis for their survival. In this adaptation, mechanoperception of gravity and local curvature plays a role of prime importance in finely regulating...

    Authors: Ophélie Léger, Frédérick Garcia, Mehdi Khafif, Sebastien Carrere, Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Aroune Duclos, Vincent Tournat, Eric Badel, Marie Didelon, Aurélie Le Ru, Sylvain Raffaele and Adelin Barbacci
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:292
  28. Despite a global prevalence of photosynthetic organisms in the ocean’s mesophotic zone (30–200+ m depth), the mechanisms that enable photosynthesis to proceed in this low light environment are poorly defined. ...

    Authors: Sofie E. Voerman, Arvydas Ruseckas, Graham A. Turnbull, Ifor D. W. Samuel and Heidi L. Burdett
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:291
  29. Animals form complex symbiotic associations with their gut microbes, whose evolution is determined by an intricate network of host and environmental factors. In many insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, the ...

    Authors: Elisa Maritan, Marialaura Gallo, Dagmar Srutkova, Anna Jelinkova, Oldrich Benada, Olga Kofronova, Nuno F. Silva-Soares, Tomas Hudcovic, Isaac Gifford, Jeffrey E. Barrick, Martin Schwarzer and Maria Elena Martino
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:290
  30. Coleoid cephalopods have distinctive neural and morphological characteristics compared to other invertebrates. Early studies reported massive genomic rearrangements occurred before the split of octopus and squ...

    Authors: Dianhang Jiang, Qun Liu, Jin Sun, Shikai Liu, Guangyi Fan, Lihua Wang, Yaolei Zhang, Inge Seim, Shucai An, Xin Liu, Qi Li and Xiaodong Zheng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:289
  31. Many echinoderms form seasonal aggregations prior to spawning. In some fecund species, a spawning event can lead to population outbreaks with detrimental ecosystem impacts. For instance, outbreaks of crown-of-...

    Authors: Mathias Jönsson, Marie Morin, Conan K. Wang, David J. Craik, Sandie M. Degnan and Bernard M. Degnan
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:288
  32. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by sustained inflammation and/or ulcers along the lower digestive tract, and have complications such as colorectal cancer and inflammation in other organs....

    Authors: Zecheng Luo, Zihao Li, Zheng Liang, Lin Wang, Guanlin He, Dongdi Wang, Lei Shen, Zhengting Wang, Xiuying Ma, Funeng Geng, Haozhong Wang, Wenping Liu, Huijuan Liu and Baojie Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:287
  33. Ordered transposon-insertion collections, in which specific transposon-insertion mutants are stored as monocultures in a genome-scale collection, represent a promising tool for genetic dissection of human gut ...

    Authors: Heidi A. Arjes, Jiawei Sun, Hualan Liu, Taylor H. Nguyen, Rebecca N. Culver, Arianna I. Celis, Sophie Jean Walton, Kimberly S. Vasquez, Feiqiao Brian Yu, Katherine S. Xue, Daniel Newton, Ricardo Zermeno, Meredith Weglarz, Adam Deutschbauer, Kerwyn Casey Huang and Anthony L. Shiver
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:285
  34. Vector-borne viral diseases threaten human and wildlife worldwide. Vectors are often viewed as a passive syringe injecting the virus. However, to survive, replicate and spread, viruses must manipulate vector b...

    Authors: Nurit Eliash, Miyuki Suenaga and Alexander S. Mikheyev
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:284
  35. Like most living organisms, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits strong and diverse behavioural reactions to light. Drosophila is a diurnal animal that displays both short- and long-term responses to li...

    Authors: Thiago C. Moulin, Sovik Dey, Giovanna Dashi, Lei Li, Vaasudevan Sridhar, Tania Safa, Samuel Berkins, Michael J. Williams and Helgi B. Schiöth
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:283
  36. As well known to any photographer, controlling the “field of view” offers an extremely powerful mechanism by which to adjust target acquisition. Only a few natural sensory systems can actively control their fi...

    Authors: Ofri Eitan, Mor Taub, Arjan Boonman, Amir Zviran, Vladimir Tourbabin, Anthony J. Weiss and Yossi Yovel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:282
  37. Sex differences ranging from physiological functions to pathological disorders are developmentally hard-wired in a broad range of animals, from invertebrates to humans. These differences ensure that animals ca...

    Authors: Xue Liu, Xiaolong Feng, Hongren Huang, Kang Huang, Yang Xu, Shuwei Ye, Yu-Ting Tseng, Pengfei Wei, Liping Wang and Feng Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:281
  38. The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chambe...

    Authors: Jia-Jin Wu, Senlin Zhu, Yi-Fan Tang, Fengfei Gu, Jian-Xin Liu and Hui-Zeng Sun
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:280
  39. Male-derived seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) that enter female fruitflies during mating induce a myriad of physiological and behavioral changes, optimizing fertility of the mating pair. Some post-mating changes ...

    Authors: Snigdha Misra, Norene A. Buehner, Akanksha Singh and Mariana F. Wolfner
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:279
  40. In insects, an interplay between the activities of distinct hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates the progression through numerous life history hallmarks. As a crucial...

    Authors: Zhaoxin Li, Caisheng Zhou, Yumei Chen, Wentao Ma, Yunlong Cheng, Jinxin Chen, Yu Bai, Wei Luo, Na Li, Erxia Du and Sheng Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:278
  41. During their lifetime, animals must adapt their behavior to survive in changing environments. This ability requires the nervous system to undergo adjustments at distinct temporal scales, from short-term dynami...

    Authors: Friedrich Preusser, Anika Neuschulz, Jan Philipp Junker, Nikolaus Rajewsky and Stephan Preibisch
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:277
  42. Decidualization refers to the process of transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblast cells into specialized decidual stromal cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for blasto...

    Authors: Jia-Wei Shi, Zhen-Zhen Lai, Hui-Li Yang, Wen-Jie Zhou, Xiao-Ya Zhao, Feng Xie, Song-Ping Liu, Wei-Dong Chen, Tao Zhang, Jiang-Feng Ye, Xiang-Yu Zhou and Ming-Qing Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:276
  43. Escalation in industrialization and anthropogenic activity have resulted in an increase of pollutants released into the environment. Of these pollutants, heavy metals such as copper are particularly concerning...

    Authors: Llewellyn Green, Marta Coronado-Zamora, Santiago Radío, Gabriel E. Rech, Judit Salces-Ortiz and Josefa González
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:275
  44. Root development and function have central roles in plant adaptation to the environment. The modification of root traits has additionally been a major driver of crop performance since the green revolution; how...

    Authors: Dan Feng, Zhe Liang, Yifan Wang, Jiaying Yao, Zan Yuan, Guihua Hu, Ruihong Qu, Shang Xie, Dongwei Li, Liwen Yang, Xinai Zhao, Yanfei Ma, Jan U. Lohmann and Xiaofeng Gu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:274
  45. Insights into the genetic basis of complex traits and disease in both human and livestock species have been achieved over the past decade through detection of genetic variants in genome-wide association studie...

    Authors: Siqian Chen, Shuli Liu, Shaolei Shi, Yifan Jiang, Mingyue Cao, Yongjie Tang, Wenlong Li, Jianfeng Liu, Lingzhao Fang, Ying Yu and Shengli Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:273
  46. Genes, principal units of genetic information, vary in complexity and evolutionary history. Less-complex genes (e.g., long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expressing genes) readily emerge de novo from non-genic sequen...

    Authors: Jan Petrzilek, Josef Pasulka, Radek Malik, Filip Horvat, Shubhangini Kataruka, Helena Fulka and Petr Svoboda
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:272
  47. Double-strand break repair (DSBR) is a highly regulated process involving dozens of proteins acting in a defined order to repair a DNA lesion that is fatal for any living cell. Model organisms such as Saccharomyc...

    Authors: Nadia Vertti-Quintero, Ethan Levien, Lucie Poggi, Ariel Amir, Guy-Franck Richard and Charles N. Baroud
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:269
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