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  1. β-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) is one of the three types of cellulases used in cellulose saccharification during lignocellulosic biofuel/biomaterial production. GsCelA is an EG secreted by the thermophilic bacterium Ge...

    Authors: Mei-Huey Wu, Mu-Rong Kao, Chen-Wei Li, Su-May Yu and Tuan-Hua David Ho
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:137
  2. Generalist herbivores such as the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae thrive on a wide variety of plants and can rapidly adapt to novel hosts. What traits enable polyphagous herbivores to cope with the di...

    Authors: Christine Njiru, Wenxin Xue, Sander De Rouck, Juan M. Alba, Merijn R. Kant, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Bartel Vanholme, Wannes Dermauw, Nicky Wybouw and Thomas Van Leeuwen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:131
  3. Current understanding of the molecular basis of memory consolidation points to an important function of amyloid formation by neuronal-specific isoforms of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB)...

    Authors: D. Ramírez de Mingo, D. Pantoja-Uceda, R. Hervás, M. Carrión-Vázquez and D. V. Laurents
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:129
  4. A major route for cell-to-cell signalling in plants is mediated by cell wall-embedded pores termed plasmodesmata forming the symplasm. Plasmodesmata regulate the plant development and responses to the environm...

    Authors: Philip Kirk, Sam Amsbury, Liam German, Rocio Gaudioso-Pedraza and Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:128
  5. During the disease cycle, plant pathogenic fungi exhibit a morphological transition between hyphal growth (the phase of active infection) and the production of long-term survival structures that remain dormant...

    Authors: Huan Li, Dan Wang, Dan-Dan Zhang, Qi Geng, Jun-Jiao Li, Ruo-Cheng Sheng, Hui-Shan Xue, He Zhu, Zhi-Qiang Kong, Xiao-Feng Dai, Steven J. Klosterman, Krishna V. Subbarao, Feng-Mao Chen and Jie-Yin Chen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:125
  6. Neurodevelopmental disorders increase brain tumor risk, suggesting that normal brain development may have protective properties. Mutations in epigenetic regulators are common in pediatric brain tumors, highlig...

    Authors: N. Kfoury-Beaumont, R. Prakasam, S. Pondugula, J. S. Lagas, S. Matkovich, P. Gontarz, L. Yang, H. Yano, A. H. Kim, J. B. Rubin and K. L. Kroll
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:124
  7. In mammals, transitioning from sole milk uptake to the intake of solid feed results in dramatic developmental changes in intestinal function and immunological status. In fact, weaning stress is often accompani...

    Authors: Wenjie Tang, Yifan Zhong, Yusen Wei, Zhaoxi Deng, Jiangdi Mao, Jingliang Liu, Teresa G. Valencak, Jianxin Liu, Heping Xu and Haifeng Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:123
  8. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that support and insulate axons in the central nervous system through the production of myelin. Oligodendrocytes arise throughout embryonic and early postnatal development from...

    Authors: Markus M. Hilscher, Christoffer Mattsson Langseth, Petra Kukanja, Chika Yokota, Mats Nilsson and Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:122
  9. Men with prediabetes often exhibit concomitant low-quality sperm production or even infertility, problems which urgently require improved therapeutic options. In this study, we have established a sheep model o...

    Authors: Yuanchao Sun, Peng Sun, Yanting Hu, Liying Shan, Qi Geng, Yutian Gong, Haitao Fan, Teng Zhang and Yang Zhou
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:121
  10. Long-term domestication and intensive breeding of crop plants aim to establish traits desirable for human needs, and characteristics related to yield, disease resistance, and postharvest storage have tradition...

    Authors: Junwei Yang, Bin Liang, Yuemei Zhang, Yun Liu, Shengyuan Wang, Qinqin Yang, Xiaolin Geng, Simiao Liu, Yaoyao Wu, Yingfang Zhu and Tao Lin
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:120
  11. Homing gene drives hold great promise for the genetic control of natural populations. However, current homing systems are capable of spreading uncontrollably between populations connected by even marginal leve...

    Authors: Matthew Metzloff, Emily Yang, Sumit Dhole, Andrew G. Clark, Philipp W. Messer and Jackson Champer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:119
  12. A fundamental feature of parasitism is the nutritional exploitation of host organisms by their parasites. Parasitoid wasps lay eggs on arthropod hosts, exploiting them for nutrition to support larval developme...

    Authors: Xinhai Ye, Shijiao Xiong, Ziwen Teng, Yi Yang, Jiale Wang, Kaili Yu, Huizi Wu, Yang Mei, Cheng Xue, Zhichao Yan, Chuanlin Yin, Fang Wang, Hongwei Yao, Qi Fang, Qisheng Song, Gongyin Ye…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:118
  13. The APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3) family of cytidine deaminases is responsible for two mutational signatures (SBS2 and SBS13) found in cancer genomes. APOBEC3 enzymes a...

    Authors: G. Maria Jakobsdottir, Daniel S Brewer, Colin Cooper, Catherine Green and David C Wedge
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:117
  14. Transposable elements (TEs) widely contribute to the evolution of genomes allowing genomic innovations, generating germinal and somatic heterogeneity, and giving birth to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These ...

    Authors: Giuseppe Petrosino, Giovanna Ponte, Massimiliano Volpe, Ilaria Zarrella, Federico Ansaloni, Concetta Langella, Giulia Di Cristina, Sara Finaurini, Monia T. Russo, Swaraj Basu, Francesco Musacchia, Filomena Ristoratore, Dinko Pavlinic, Vladimir Benes, Maria I. Ferrante, Caroline Albertin…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:116
  15. Activated Cdk5 regulates a number of processes during nervous system formation, including neuronal differentiation, growth cone stabilization, and axonal growth. Cdk5 phosphorylates its downstream substrates l...

    Authors: Doo Soon Im, Alvin Joselin, Devon Svoboda, Tesuya Takano, Maxime W. C. Rousseaux, Steve Callaghan, Ruth S. Slack, Shin-ichi Hisanaga, Roger J. Davis, David S. Park and Dianbo Qu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:115
  16. Intracellularly active antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for the development of antibiotics for human applications. However, drug development using peptides is challenging as, owing to their larg...

    Authors: Philipp Koch, Steven Schmitt, Alexander Heynisch, Anja Gumpinger, Irene Wüthrich, Marina Gysin, Dimitri Shcherbakov, Sven N. Hobbie, Sven Panke and Martin Held
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:114
  17. The deep-sea may be regarded as a hostile living environment, due to low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and limited food and light. Isopods, a species-rich group of crustaceans, are widely distributed...

    Authors: Jianbo Yuan, Xiaojun Zhang, Qi Kou, Yamin Sun, Chengzhang Liu, Shihao Li, Yang Yu, Chengsong Zhang, Songjun Jin, Jianhai Xiang, Xinzheng Li and Fuhua Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:113
  18. MAPK/ERK signaling is a well-known mediator of extracellular stimuli controlling intracellular responses to growth factors and mechanical cues. The critical requirement of MAPK/ERK signaling for embryonic stem...

    Authors: Kristen Kurtzeborn, Hyuk Nam Kwon, Vladislav Iaroshenko, Imrul Faisal, Martin Ambrož, Xing Jin, Talha Qureshi, Jussi Kupari, Anneliis Ihermann-Hella, Juho Väänänen, Henna Tyynismaa, Iva Boušová, Sunghyouk Park and Satu Kuure
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:112
  19. In vertebrate cells, the Golgi functional subunits, mini-stacks, are linked into a tri-dimensional network. How this “ribbon” architecture relates to Golgi functions remains unclear. Are all connections betwee...

    Authors: Karen M. Page, Jessica J. McCormack, Mafalda Lopes-da-Silva, Francesca Patella, Kimberly Harrison-Lavoie, Jemima J. Burden, Ying-Yi Bernadette Quah, Dominic Scaglioni, Francesco Ferraro and Daniel F. Cutler
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:111
  20. Mosquitoes locate a human host by integrating various sensory cues including odor, thermo, and vision. However, their innate light preference and its genetic basis that may predict the spatial distribution of ...

    Authors: Xinyi Liu, Shuzhen Yang, Yuan Yao, Si Wu, Pa Wu and Zongzhao Zhai
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:110
  21. Ovarian follicles, which are the basic units of female reproduction, are composed of oocytes and surrounding somatic (pre) granulosa cells (GCs). A recent study revealed that signaling in somatic preGCs contro...

    Authors: Yanli Dai, Yingnan Bo, Peike Wang, Xueqiang Xu, Meenakshi Singh, Longzhong Jia, Shuo Zhang, Shudong Niu, Kaixin Cheng, Jing Liang, Lu Mu, Kaiying Geng, Guoliang Xia, Chao Wang, Yan Zhang and Hua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:109
  22. Cannabinoids and their derivatives attract strong interest due to the tremendous potential of their psychoactive effects for treating psychiatric disorders and symptoms. However, their clinical application is ...

    Authors: Meilin Wu, Yuanyuan Di, Zhijun Diao, Chuanting Yan, Qiangqiang Cheng, Huan Huang, Yingxun Liu, Chunling Wei, Qiaohua Zheng, Juan Fan, Jing Han, Zhiqiang Liu, Yingfang Tian, Haijun Duan, Wei Ren and Zongpeng Sun
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:108
  23. In both Drosophila and mammals, the achaete-scute (ASC/ASCL) proneural bHLH transcription factors are expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems, where they function during specificatio...

    Authors: Vasiliki Theodorou, Aikaterini Stefanaki, Minas Drakos, Dafne Triantafyllou and Christos Delidakis
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:107
  24. Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms and maintain homeostasis remain largely...

    Authors: Tian Zeng, Hong-ai Su, Ya-lan Liu, Jian-fang Li, Ding-xin Jiang, Yong-yue Lu and Yi-xiang Qi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:105
  25. Lifelong production of the many types of mature blood cells from less differentiated progenitors is a hierarchically ordered process that spans multiple cell divisions. The nature and timing of the molecular e...

    Authors: A. Lorzadeh, C. Hammond, F. Wang, D. J. H. F. Knapp, J. CH. Wong, J. Y. A. Zhu, Q. Cao, A. Heravi-Moussavi, A. Carles, M. Wong, Z. Sharafian, J. Steif, M. Moksa, M. Bilenky, P. M. Lavoie, C. J. Eaves…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:104
  26. The coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis is fundamental for the coral reef ecosystem. Corals provide various inorganic nutrients to their algal symbionts in exchange for the photosynthates to meet their metabolic d...

    Authors: Guoxin Cui, Yi Jin Liew, Migle K. Konciute, Ye Zhan, Shiou-Han Hung, Jana Thistle, Lucia Gastoldi, Sebastian Schmidt-Roach, Job Dekker and Manuel Aranda
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:103
  27. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a region known to integrate somatosensory and auditory inputs and is identified as a potential key structure in the generation of phantom sound perception, especially noise...

    Authors: Thawann Malfatti, Barbara Ciralli, Markus M. Hilscher, Richardson N. Leao and Katarina E. Leao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:102
  28. Birds are key indicator species in extant ecosystems, and thus we would expect extinct birds to provide insights into the nature of ancient ecosystems. However, many aspects of extinct bird ecology, particular...

    Authors: Case Vincent Miller, Michael Pittman, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaoting Zheng and Jen A. Bright
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:101
  29. Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) form symbioses with diverse microbial communities that can be transmitted between generations through their developmental stages. Here, we integrate embryology and microbiology...

    Authors: Tyler J. Carrier, Manuel Maldonado, Lara Schmittmann, Lucía Pita, Thomas C. G. Bosch and Ute Hentschel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:100
  30. The three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the genome has a highly ordered and hierarchical nature, which influences the regulation of essential nuclear processes at the basis of gene expression, such as gene ...

    Authors: Diyan Li, Mengnan He, Qianzi Tang, Shilin Tian, Jiaman Zhang, Yan Li, Danyang Wang, Long Jin, Chunyou Ning, Wei Zhu, Silu Hu, Keren Long, Jideng Ma, Jing Liu, Zhihua Zhang and Mingzhou Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:99
  31. Authors: Mahul Chakraborty, Arunachalam Ramaiah, Adriana Adolfi, Paige Halas, Bhagyashree Kaduskar, Luna Thanh Ngo, Suvratha Jayaprasad, Kiran Paul, Saurabh Whadgar, Subhashini Srinivasan, Suresh Subramani, Ethan Bier, Anthony A. James and J. J. Emerson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:96

    The original article was published in BMC Biology 2021 19:28

  32. Beiging of white fat plays an important role in energy metabolism. Beige adipocytes contribute to the regulation of body weight and body temperature through expenditure of chemical energy to produce heat, and ...

    Authors: Chunling Xue, Xuechun Li, Li Ba, Yamei Shen, Zhao Sun, Junjie Gu, Ying Yang, Qin Han and Robert Chunhua Zhao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:95
  33. Estriol (E3) is a steroid hormone formed only during pregnancy in primates including humans. Although E3 is synthesized at large amounts through a complex pathway involving the fetus and placenta, it is not requi...

    Authors: Yuping Zhou, Baoxia Gu, Geraldine Brichant, Jay Prakash Singh, Huan Yang, Hao Chang, Yanding Zhao, Chao Cheng, Zhong-Wu Liu, Myles H. Alderman III, Lingeng Lu, Xiaoyong Yang, Xiao-Bing Gao and Hugh S. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:93
  34. After embryonic development, Caenorhabditis elegans progress through for larval stages, each of them finishing with molting. The repetitive nature of C. elegans postembryonic development is considered an oscillat...

    Authors: Alejandro Mata-Cabana, Francisco Javier Romero-Expósito, Mirjam Geibel, Francine Amaral Piubeli, Martha Merrow and María Olmedo
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:94
  35. Deep-branching phylogenetic relationships are often difficult to resolve because phylogenetic signals are obscured by the long history and complexity of evolutionary processes, such as ancient introgression/hy...

    Authors: Wenpan Dong, Enze Li, Yanlei Liu, Chao Xu, Yushuang Wang, Kangjia Liu, Xingyong Cui, Jiahui Sun, Zhili Suo, Zhixiang Zhang, Jun Wen and Shiliang Zhou
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:92
  36. The CRISPR-Cas12a (formerly Cpf1) system is a versatile gene-editing tool with properties distinct from the broadly used Cas9 system. Features such as recognition of T-rich protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) and...

    Authors: Hongxin Huang, Guanjie Huang, Zhihong Tan, Yongfei Hu, Lin Shan, Jiajian Zhou, Xin Zhang, Shufeng Ma, Weiqi Lv, Tao Huang, Yuchen Liu, Dong Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Ying Lin and Zhili Rong
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:91
  37. The dynamics of the actomyosin machinery is at the core of many important biological processes. Several relevant cellular responses such as the rhythmic compression of the cell cortex are governed, at a mesosc...

    Authors: Miguel Hernández-del-Valle, Andrea Valencia-Expósito, Antonio López-Izquierdo, Pau Casanova-Ferrer, Pedro Tarazona, Maria D. Martín-Bermudo and David G. Míguez
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:90
  38. Medicinal plants have always played an important role in the history of human health. However, the populations and sustainable use of medicinal plants have been severely affected by human activities and climat...

    Authors: Changying Xia, Yunfeng Huang, Yaodong Qi, Xudong Yang, Tiantian Xue, Renchuan Hu, Hongping Deng, Rainer W. Bussmann and Shengxiang Yu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:89
  39. Despite the excellent fossil record of cephalopods, their early evolution is poorly understood. Different, partly incompatible phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed in the past, which reflected individual...

    Authors: Alexander Pohle, Björn Kröger, Rachel C. M. Warnock, Andy H. King, David H. Evans, Martina Aubrechtová, Marcela Cichowolski, Xiang Fang and Christian Klug
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:88
  40. In all living organisms, DNA replication is exquisitely regulated in a wide range of growth conditions to achieve timely and accurate genome duplication prior to cell division. Failures in this regulation caus...

    Authors: Steff Horemans, Matthaios Pitoulias, Alexandria Holland, Emilie Pateau, Christophe Lechaplais, Dariy Ekaterina, Alain Perret, Panos Soultanas and Laurent Janniere
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:87
  41. In inherited retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptor-specific mutations cause primary rod degeneration that is followed by secondary cone death and loss of high-acuity vision. Me...

    Authors: Duygu Karademir, Vyara Todorova, Lynn J. A. Ebner, Marijana Samardzija and Christian Grimm
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:86
  42. To understand functional changes of complex biological networks, mathematical modeling of network topologies provides a quantitative measure of the way biological systems adapt to external stimuli. However, sy...

    Authors: Jun Xie, Lichun Zhang, Bodong Liu, Xiao Liang and Jue Shi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:85
  43. Jasmonates (JAs) mediate trade-off between responses to both biotic and abiotic stress and growth in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 is part of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 receptor complex,...

    Authors: Stacey A. Vincent, Jong-Myong Kim, Imma Pérez-Salamó, Taiko Kim To, Chieko Torii, Junko Ishida, Maho Tanaka, Takaho A. Endo, Prajwal Bhat, Paul F. Devlin, Motoaki Seki and Alessandra Devoto
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:83
  44. Despite the morphological diversity of animals, their basic anatomical patterns—the body plans in each animal phylum—have remained highly conserved over hundreds of millions of evolutionary years. This is attr...

    Authors: Yui Uchida, Shuji Shigenobu, Hiroyuki Takeda, Chikara Furusawa and Naoki Irie
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:82
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