Fig. 1

Increased tyrosine sulfation in CKD patients. A Western blot analyses showed increased total sulfotyrosine level in PBMCs extracted from ESRD patients compared with control subjects. Total phosphotyrosine level was also increased in PBMCs from ESRD patients. B Total sulfotyrosine and total phosphotyrosine levels were higher in plasma from ESRD patients compared with control subjects. C Western blot analyses showed increased TPST1 and TPST2 protein levels in PBMCs extracted from ESRD patients compared with control subjects. D Plasma sulfate levels increased significantly in ESRD patients (n = 81) compared with controls (n = 90). Band densitometry of total sulfotyrosine, total phosphotyrosine, TPST1, and TPST2 was quantified in E. PBMCs samples from six patients in the same group were mixed in one lane for western blot analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SD. ^**p < 0.01 compared with the control group, ^***p < 0.001 compared with the control group. ESRD, end-stage renal disease; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; TPST, tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase