Fig. 5

Sulfation inhibition attenuates adherence and migration of peritoneal macrophages. A CKD by 5/6 nephrectomy stimulated adherence of peritoneal macrophages to endothelial cells compared with the sham group (Control). This effect was significantly decreased after knockout of TPST1 (TPST1^−/−) and TPST2 (TPST2^−/−). Similar phenomenon was observed in the groups treated with the sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate (NaClO₃). Scale bar: 50 μm. B Quantitative analysis for cells adherence in different groups. Adherent macrophages were counted with a fluorescence microscope. n = 6 in each group. C CKD by 5/6 nephrectomy promoted peritoneal macrophage migration activity. Macrophage migration was decreased in cells from TPST1^−/− and TPST2^−/− mice or those treated with sodium chlorate (NaClO₃). Scale bar: 20 μm. D Quantitative analysis for cell migration in different groups. The migration was quantified by blind counting of the migrated cells on the lower surface of the Boyden chamber membrane. n = 6 in each group. ^***p < 0.001 compared with the control group, ^##p < 0.01 compared with the CKD group, ^###p < 0.001 compared with the CKD group. TPST, tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases