Fig. 3
From: Prevalent bee venom genes evolved before the aculeate stinger and eusociality
Machine learning generated protein space representations of hymenopteran venoms corresponds with gene phylogeny-based clustering. In each case, the left panel shows the breakdown of subgroups revealed in this study (protein families for the entire dataset, subfamilies for each of the protein families) while the right panel shows the same space coloured by taxa, clearly highlighting that each protein group is a gene clade, not a species clade. A Representation of the entire non-redundant dataset. B Acid phosphatase family. C Serine protease family. D Venom allergens family