Fig. 1

Identification of autotetraploid C. paliurus. The mature leaves in a and b, as well as the fruits in c and d for both diploid and autotetraploid C. paliurus. e Flow cytometric histograms showing the relative PI fluorescence intensity in nuclei from leaves of diploid and tetraploid C. paliurus and J. regia. f Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a tetraploid C. paliurus. The blue chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI, and the chromosome number of this tetraploid is 64. Scale bar = 5 μm. g Distribution of base frequencies at variable sites determined using nQuire. Three peaks at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 indicated that this tetraploid is an autotetraploid. h K-mer spectra and fitted models for the tetraploid individual