Fig. 2

a Overview of the nucleotide diversity in all the L. corniculatus germplasms and four subgroups: Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group Mix. b Violin plot of all the L. corniculatus germplasms and four subgroups. c The TreeMix population graph of four subgroups: Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group Mix. d Geographic distributions of L. corniculatus accessions. Each accession is represented by a dot on the map. Each pie chart represents the collection place of L. corniculatus accessions, the area size represents the number of accessions. e Genome-wide distribution of selective-sweep signals (sliding windows and steps are 10 kb and 5 kb, respectively) identified through comparisons between Group I and Group II (upper panel), Group I and Group III (middle panel), and spring and winter ecotypes (lower panel). The black dashed lines represent the thresholds (top 5% of F_ST values). The F_ST values of the window which harbors CYP79D4 was 0.138. f Manhattan plots of GWAS results (bottom panel) for the plant height trait (September 2020 and May 2021 in LiangShan) on Chr1 and Chr2. The black dashed lines indicate the significance threshold (p value = 2.0 × 10⁻⁵) and black arrow indicates the significant GWAS peak