Fig. 4

Multi-sequence alignment around substitutions in four positively selected genes of L. dimidiatus and convergent evolution in dedicated and facultative cleaners. A Unique substitutions of four positively selected genes (GRIA3: glutamate receptor 3; ADCY1: adenylate cyclase type 1; GDF2: growth/differentiation factor 2) in L. dimidiatus. The positively selected sites were adopted based on the results from BUSTED-MH in HYPHY. B Convergent evolution in four genes (TAS1R3: Taste receptor type 1 member 3; BMP10: Bone morphogenetic protein 10; LRRC17: leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 17; CHAD: chondroadherin; THBS4B: thrombospondin-4-B) of dedicated and facultative cleaners. All of the cleaners dedicated and facultative cleaners showed convergent amino acid substitutions which were different with the non-cleaners including two Labridae fishes and all of the six reference species