Genome-wide methylome stability and parental effects in the worldwide distributed Lombardy poplar

Table 2 Effect sizes of the variables maintained in the linear mixed effects model affecting the bud set phenology

Parameter	Estimate	Std. error	z value	p-value
Intercept	1.527	0.303	5.033	< 0.001
Tsminc	− 1.021	0.205	− 4.971	< 0.001
(Tsminc^2)	0.297	0.240	1.237	0.216
Lat	− 0.016	0.005	− 3.292	0.001
fYear2018	− 0.509	0.303	− 1.682	0.093
fYear2019	0.712	0.292	2.434	0.015
fYear2020	− 0.775	0.315	− 2.463	0.014
Tsminc:fYear2018	0.389	0.230	1.689	0.091
Tsminc:fYear2019	0.252	0.220	1.147	0.251
Tsminc:fYear2020	− 0.100	0.238	− 0.42	0.675
(Tsminc^2):fYear2018	− 0.502	0.254	− 1.979	0.048
(Tsminc^2):fYear2019	− 0.477	0.247	− 1.936	0.053
(Tsminc^2):fYear2020	0.052	0.275	0.19	0.850
Lat:fYear2018	0.020	0.003	6.612	< 0.001
Lat:fYear2019	0.016	0.003	5.51	< 0.001
Lat:fYear2020	0.019	0.003	5.823	< 0.001

Tsminc the temperature sum of daily minimum temperature at the common environment experiment calculated from 1 July, centered and standardized; Lat the latitude of origin, centered on 50, of the parent- of-origin. Significant p-values (< 0.05) are indicated in bold. p-values of main effects in the presence of an interaction are not to be interpreted but are retained in the model

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