Fig. 1

T. cacao population centers include genotypes that are resistant and susceptible to P. palmivora. A Maximum likelihood phylogeny of T. cacao genotypes based on 23,439 SNPs. White and gray boxes beside the phylogeny indicate whether genotypes were considered resistant (gray) or susceptible (black) to P. palmivora according to Fister et al. [36]. Numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap support and colors at the tips indicate population membership: Guiana (blue), Iquitos (red), Marañón (green), and Nanay (orange). B Map displaying approximate center of current distribution for each of the four populations sampled for this study (locations are from Cornejo et al. [15]). C Pairwise F_ST estimates for each population