Fig. 2

Different sets of genes are responsible for defense against P. palmivora across four cacao populations. A Overlap of differentially expressed genes for P. palmivora treatment versus control (top) and between resistant versus susceptible genotypes (bottom). The blue, red, green, and orange bars represent genes that are only differentially expressed in Guiana Iquitos, Marañón, or Nanay, respectively. The pink bar indicates genes that are differentially expressed across all four populations. Numbers above the bars indicate the number of differentially expressed genes in that specific intersection. B Pairwise Spearman correlations of log₂ fold changes for all genes investigated in this study, for P. palmivora treatment versus control (top) and between resistant versus susceptible genotypes (bottom). The bottom off-diagonal is the Spearman correlation coefficient. The top off-diagonal is the correlation coefficient depicted as an ellipse, the shape of which depends on the size of the coefficient. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (p < 0.001), tested using Spearman’s rho. C Overlap of enriched GO terms (Fisher’s exact test: FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05) for P. palmivora treatment versus control (top) and resistant versus susceptible genotypes (bottom). The blue, red, green, and orange bars represent GO terms that are only enriched in Guiana Iquitos, Marañón, or Nanay, respectively. The pink bar indicates GO terms that are significantly enriched across all four populations. Numbers above the bars indicate the number of enriched GO terms in that specific intersection