Fig. 5

Delayed pupariation in CD209- or Lys1-depleted larvae, as well as in L. plantarum-injected or L. plantarum-fed larvae. A, B Prolonged duration of sixth-instar in CD209-depleted (A) or Lys1-depleted (B) larvae. The durations of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar were measured individually and the average time was calculated. The dsGFP was injected as control. C Prolonged duration of sixth-instar in L. plantarum-injected larvae. L. plantarum-suspended PBS or PBS (control) was injected into the hemocoel of sixth-instar larvae at 48 h PE. D Prolonged duration of sixth-instar in L. plantarum-fed larvae. Axenic larvae were fed on an artificial diet supplemented with L. plantarum-suspended PBS or PBS (control) at the beginning of the sixth-instar stage. E, F Quantification of Lactobacillus in the midgut (E) and hemolymph (F) from L. plantarum-fed sixth-instar larvae at 24 h PE (6th-24 h) and 72 h PE (6th-72 h). Statistical differences were analyzed using Student’s t test (*p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001). ns, no significant difference