Fig. 1

OsmiR319 expression and function in response to BPHs. A Expressions of OsMIR319a and OsMIR319b genes upon BPH infestation as revealed by qRT-PCR of pri-OsmiR319a and pri-OsmiR319b, respectively (n = 3). The expression level at 0 h was set as 1.0, and asterisks indicate significant differences comparing with 0 h as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01). Individual data values are provided in table S2. B Expression of OsmiR319 upon BPH infestation as revealed by miRNA Northern blotting. 5S RNA was used as a loading control. C Expression profile of OsmiR319 in different tissues of rice plants as revealed by miRNA Northern blotting. 5S RNA was used as a loading control. LS, leaf sheath, YP, 3-cm young panicles. Embryos were collected 10 days after fertilization. D–F miRNA Northern blot revealing the expression of OsmiR319 in miR319aOE, miR319bOE, and MIM319OE plants relative to ZH11 plants respectively. 5S RNA was used as a loading control. G Individual tests of miR319aOE and ZH11 plants to BPH infestation. H Individual tests of miR319bOE and ZH11 plants to BPHs. I Resistance scores of the WT, miR319aOE, and miR319bOE plants in the bulked seedling test (n = 10). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with ZH11 plants as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01). J,K Individual tests of MIM319OE-4, MIM319OE-5, and ZH11 plants to BPH infestation. L Number of plants alive during a process of BPH feeding for 6 days (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with that of ZH11 plants as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01). Individual data values are provided in table S4. M Survival rates of different plant varieties and lines after BPH infestation (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01). The varieties RHT and TN1 were respectively used as resistant and susceptible controls. Individual data values are provided in table S5. N Number of BPHs alive on miR319bOE, MIM319OE, and ZH11 plants during 10 days of infestation (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with ZH11 plants as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05). Individual data values are provided in table S6