Fig. 2

Expression analyses of putative target genes of OsmiR319, functional analysis of the OsPCF5 gene, and characterization of the OsPCF5 protein. A Expressions of OsPCF5, OsPCF6, and OsTCP21 in miR319aOE lines, MIM319OE lines, and ZH11 plants as revealed by qRT-PCR (n = 3). The expression level in ZH11 was set as 1.0, and asterisks indicate significant differences compared with ZH11 plants as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05). Individual data values are provided in table S8. B Expressions of OsPCF5, OsPCF6, and OsTCP21 upon BPH infestation as revealed by qRT-PCR (n = 3). The expression level at 0 h was set as 1.0, and asterisks indicate significant differences comparing with 0 h as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01). Individual data values are provided in table S9. C,D Individual tests of PCF5OE-2, PCF5OE-4 plants, and ZH11. E, F Small population tests of PCF5OE-2 and PCF5OE-4 plants after BPH infestation compared with ZH11. G, H Survival rates of the plants after BPH feeding in E and F respectively. Asterisks in G and H indicate significant differences compared with ZH11 as determined by Student’s t test (**, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05). Individual data values are provided in table S11 and S12 respectively