Fig. 7

Schematic representation of the mechanism of the OsmiR319-OsPCF5-OsMYB pathway in BPH resistance. In MIM319OE plants, the production of MIM319 inhibited miR319, and thus elevated the amount OsPCF5 protein, along with the association of OsPCF5 with other OsMYB proteins, therefore the activation of MYB proteins on PAL genes were enhanced and thus promoted BPH resistance. In miR319OE plants, the sufficient amount of miR319 inhibited OsPCF5 gene, and therefore reduced OsPCF5 proteins and influenced its association with other MYB proteins, thus the activation of PAL genes was impacted, which made the plants more vulnerable to BPH