Fig. 2

Infertility in Adgra3^−/− females is due to an imperforate vagina. a Percentage of fertile Adgra3^+/+ (n = 4) and Adgra3^−/− (n = 9) females. b Number of litters per Adgra3^+/+ and fertile Adgra3^−/− mothers after 5 months of consecutive breeding. Each dot represents an individual animal. c Number of pups in each litter from fertile animals (*p = 0.0312). Each dot represents one litter. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and significance was determined by an unpaired t-test. d, e Representative images of vaginal openings (d) and female reproductive tracts (e) in 10-week-old Adgra3^+/+, Adgra3^−/−, and Adgra3^−/−CV mice (n = 3 per group). Arrow indicates an opened vaginal opening, and an arrowhead indicates a lack of vaginal opening observed in 44% of all Adgra3^−/− females in the colony. An asterisk (*) indicates the ovary. U, uterine horns; V, vagina. f Dissected female reproductive tract (from one ovary to the vagina) of 10-week-old Adgra3^+/+ and Adgra3^−/− mice compared to the enlarged reproductive tract of a 10-week-old Adgra3^−/−CV. g Hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections of the distal vagina in 10-week-old mice. Animals with an open vagina were euthanized after a smear test confirmed the proestrus stage