Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae

Table 1 Fossils used to calibrate nodes in Archaeplastida tree

Node	Calibration	Age	References
A	Bangiomorpha	1047 +13/-17	Butterfield et al. (2000) [96]; Gibson et al. (2018) [27]
B	Oldest Florideophycidae	609 +/-5	Xiao et al. (2004) [97]; Zhou et al. (2017) [98]
C	Oldest Zygnemataceae	MIN: 350	Colbath and Grenfell (1995) [99]
D	First Land Plants	MIN: 480	Strother & Foster (2021) [100]
E	Oldest Tracheophytes (Cooksonia with tracheids)	423-419	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
F	Fern-Seed Plant Split	MIN: 385	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
G	Extant Gymnosperms-Angiosperms Split (based on oldest Cordaites)	330-323	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
H	Amborella and Nymphaeles Split from other Plants (Barremian flowers and pollen)	129-125	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
I	Chloroanthaceae/Magnoliid versus monocots plus eudicot split (Chloranthaceous fossils)	MIN: 125	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
J	Monocot-Eudicot Split (Liliacidites monocot pollen)	MIN: 113	Morris et al. (2018) [101]
K	Botryococcus braunii	358-356	Colbath and Grenfell (1995) [99]
L	Proterocladus	1056-948	Tang et al. (2020) [26]
M	Ulotrichales: Vermiporella	470-458	Kozlowski & Kazmierczak (1968) [102]
N	Protocodium	MIN: 541	Chai et al. (2022) [103]

ISSN: 1741-7007