Precise colocalization of interacting structural and pigmentary elements generates extensive color pattern variation in Phelsumalizards

Table 1 Geometric parameters of guanine crystals in Phelsuma species

Species (individual)	Green/blue			White			Red
Species (individual)	Orientation *A/y* ₀(FWHM)^a	Crystal height, nm^b	Crystal spacing, nm^b	Orientation *A/y* ₀(FWHM)	Crystal height, nm	Crystal length, nm	Orientation *A/y* ₀(FWHM)	Crystal height, nm	Crystal length, nm
P. grandis (1)	15.0 (32°)	80.8 ± 12.2/ 78.5 ± 10.9^c	96.0 ± 20.8/ 104.7 ± 25.5^c	2.7 (72°)	84 ± 44	173 ± 84	1.3 (82°)	68 ± 34	128 ± 70
P. grandis (2)	9.7 (49°)	81.0 ± 12.9	84.9 ± 22.7	2.0 (61°)	78 ± 39	169 ± 96	1.1 (53°)	67 ± 33	124 ± 82
P. grandis (3)	13.0 (47°)	79.4 ± 10.7	99.2 ± 10.6	2.6 (59°)	75 ± 36	171 ± 91	1.7 (46°)	71 ± 37	130 ± 73
P. laticauda	13.3 (39°)	82.5 ± 11.4	97.3 ± 12.6	2.2 (60°)	71 ± 41	194 ± 140	2.6 (61°)	75 ± 42	154 ± 87
P. quadriocellata	20.3 (40°)	70.0 ± 22.7	37.9 ± 13.8	6.4 (49°)	84 ± 42	209 ± 126	4.8 (67°)	69 ± 41	171 ± 103
P. klemmeri	9.6 (32°)	68.0 ± 10.8	93.2 ± 26.3	4.5 (58°)	72 ± 47	265 ± 209	NA^d	NA^d	NA^d
P. lineata	6.9 (42°)	74.0 ± 11.1	109.6 ± 21.8	4.8 (50°)	94 ± 57	226 ± 137	2.1 (58°)	68 ± 43	170 ± 107

^aThe ratio A/y ₀ and the full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the Gaussian curve describe the crystal orientation relative to the skin surface (see Methods).
^bMean ± standard deviation are given for crystal height and spacing between layers of well-organized crystals in green and blue skin, and for crystal height and length in white and red skin. Note that the parameters describing crystal orientation differ substantially between blue/green and white/red skin.
^cThe two numbers shown for crystal height and spacing of green/blue skin in P. grandis individual 1 correspond to samples taken from the back and the neck (blue and yellowish-green, respectively; see Figure 4b). Note that the spacing between crystal layers is substantially larger in the neck sample. Additional data are provided for blue and green skin samples, including a comparison of the simulated colors to the real colors seen in the skin after pigment removal (see Additional file 2: Table S3).
^dNA, data not available because of the absence of red skin in P. klemmeri.

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