Figure 4

Statistical parsimony network obtained with TCS for the composite surface/subterranean northern clade. Each connecting line represents a single mutational step between any two given haplotypes. Dotted lines represent alternative ambiguous connections (loops). Black circles represent haplotypes not sampled (either extinct or not found in our sample), with the size of the circle of sampled haplotypes scaled approximately to the number of individuals possessing that haplotype. The nested design is represented by increasing levels of nested boxes, labelling the nesting level with the first number and particular clades at this level with the second one. Blue haplotypes correspond to P. epigaea (locality codes as in Table 1 and Figure 1) and red haplotypes correspond to P. hypogaea.