Figure 4

Mean levels of aggression (± standard error) across all colonies for synthetic hydrocarbon treatments (grey and black bars) and controls (open bars). Aggression toward nestmates treated with five times the standard concentration (5×) of the control hydrocarbon (C36) and one of the synthetic hydrocarbons (15MeC35) are shown by the hatched open bar and hatched grey bar, respectively. Aggression toward nestmate ants treated with a combination of five different synthetic hydrocarbons is shown by the black bar.