Sympatric ecological divergence associated with a color polymorphism

Table 1 Shared and unique aspects of divergence in ecologically relevant traits

Test for	Trait	Factor	F	df	P	Partial variance explained (%)
Shared divergence among color morphs	BDI	Color	161.55	1	<.0001	10.8
Impact of evolutionary history		Evolutionary replicate	223.38	9	<.0001	60.1
Unique divergence in the morph pairs		Color x evolutionary replicate	14.86	9	<.0001	9.1
Shared divergence among color morphs	LPJ weight	Color	137.33	1	<.0001	24.0
Impact of evolutionary history		Evolutionary replicate	66.98	9	<.0001	58.0
Unique divergence in the morph pairs		Color x evolutionary replicate	4.37	9	<.0001	8.3
Shared divergence among color morphs	δ¹⁵N	Color	64.16	1	<.0001	18.8
Impact of evolutionary history		Evolutionary replicate	159.09	9	<.0001	83.7
Unique divergence in the morph pairs		Color x evolutionary replicate	2.37	9	0.01	7.1

MANCOVA results and partial η²-values for the relationship between lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) weight, δ¹⁵N, and body depth index (BDI) across all ten color polymorphic populations. In all ecological traits a substantial amount of the variance is due to differences in evolutionary history (factor “evolutionary replicate”). However, across all traits a larger portion of the variance is explained by color (factor "color") rather than population-specific effects (factor “color x evolutionary replicate”). This corroborates our previous findings of a relatively parallel ecological divergence based on color across the species complex

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