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Table 1 Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) (M) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (M) values of all tested G-protein-coupled receptors with the indicated ligands or inhibitors

From: Ancient coexistence of norepinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine signaling in bilaterians

EC50 (M)/IC50 (M)

Tyramine

Octopamine

Clonidine

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Epinephrine

Yohimbine

Mianserin

Platynereis dumerilii α1-adrenergic

inactive

inactive

inactive

2.1E − 07***

1.2E − 04***

3.7E − 07 ns

4.4E − 06

3.7E − 06

95% CI

   

1.0E − 007 to 4.2E − 007

2.7E − 005 to 0.00056

1.3E − 007 to 1.1E − 006

2.3E − 006 to 8.2E − 006

1.9E − 006 to 7.2E − 006

P. dumerilii α2-adrenergic

8.4E − 05

2.7E − 06***

2.6E − 06

8.2E − 09***

1.6E − 06

1.1E − 08 ns

5.7E − 06

2.5E − 05

95% CI

2.8E − 005 to 0.00024

6.683E − 007 to 1.0E − 005

2.4E − 007 to 2.7E − 005

5.7E − 009 to 1.1E − 008

8.3E − 007 to 3.2E − 006

5.0E − 009 to 2.2E − 008

3.5E − 006 to 9.1E − 006

1.2E − 005 to 5.1E − 005

S. kowalevskii α1-adrenergic

inactive

inactive

inactive

1.7E − 08***

3.8E − 06***

1.9E − 08 ns

1.3E − 05

4.5E − 06

95% CI

   

1.0E − 008 to 2.7E − 008

1.9E − 007 to 7.4E − 005

9.0E − 009 to 4.1E − 008

7.6E − 006 to 2.2E − 005

1.6E − 006 to 1.1E − 005

S. kowalevskii α2-adrenergic

3.7E − 06

1.9E − 06

3.6E − 08

1.2E − 13***

5.6E − 09

2.3E − 09***

3.3E − 07

inactive

95% CI

2.0E − 006 to 6.8E − 006

2.5E − 007 to 1.4E − 005

6.7E − 009 to 1.9E − 007

6.7E − 014 to 1.9E − 013

3.3E − 009 to 9.4E − 009

1.1E − 009 to 4.6E − 009

2.6E − 007 to 4.0E − 007

 

Priapulus caudatus α1-adrenergic

inactive

inactive

inactive

7.5E − 09

inactive

inactive

inactive

inactive

95% CI

   

4.0E − 009 to 1.3E − 008

    

P. caudatus α2-adrenergic

inactive

inactive

1.1E − 06 * p = 0.021

4.7E − 07*

inactive

4.5E − 07 ns

inactive

9.8E − 07

95% CI

  

4.5E − 007 to 2.4E − 006

1.7E − 007 to 1.2E − 006

 

1.8E − 007 to 1.0E − 006

 

4.3E − 007 to 2.2E − 006

P. dumerilii Tyramine-1

1.1E − 08***

2.7E − 06***

2.1E − 06

1.7E − 05

7.8E − 06

3.1E − 05

2.1E − 06

4.7E − 05

95% CI

7.6E − 009 to 1.6E − 008

1.1E − 006 to 6.1E − 006

1.0E − 006 to 4.1E − 006

1.0E − 005 to 2.8E − 005

1.5E − 006 to 3.9E − 005

9.8E − 006 to 9.9E − 005

7.0E − 007 to 6.0E − 006

1.7E − 005 to 0.00012

P. dumerilii Tyramine-2

7.0E − 09***

7.8E − 07***

5.3E − 06

1.1E − 04

3.9E − 06

4.8E − 05

5.4E − 05

6.4E − 06

95% CI

3.0E − 009 to 1.6E − 008

3.8E − 007 to 1.5E − 006

2.1E − 006 to 1.3E − 005

2.9E − 005 to 0.00038

2.1E − 006 to 7.0E − 006

8.6E − 006 to 0.00026

3.6E − 005 to 7.9E − 005

3.9E − 006 to 1.0E − 005

S. kowalevskii Tyramine-1

8.6E − 05 ns

inactive

2.9E − 04 n.s.

inactive

0.57

inactive

1.7E − 06

1.7E − 05

95% CI

2.8E − 005 to 0.00025

 

0.00013 to 0.00065

 

very wide

2.1E − 006 to 0.00017

7.1E − 007 to 3.9E − 006

7.7E − 006 to 3.7E − 005

S. kowalevskii Tyramine-2A

1.0E − 09***

8.6E − 08***

1.4E − 06

inactive

7.2E − 08

inactive

inactive

1.6E − 04

95% CI

6.6E − 010 to 1.5E − 009

4.0E − 008 to 1.8E − 007

7.4E − 007 to 2.6E − 006

 

1.4E − 008 to 3.5E − 007

  

5.4E − 008 to 0.47

S. kowalevskii Tyramine-2B

5.9E − 09***

1.6E − 06***

1.6E − 05

1.2E − 04

1.4E − 06

2.8E − 05

2.1E − 05

1.9E − 05

95% CI

2.4E − 009 to 1.4E − 008

6.5E − 007 to 3.7E − 006

6.2E − 006 to 4.0E − 005

3.6E − 005 to 0.00036

9.0E − 007 to 2.2E − 006

5.1E − 006 to 0.00015

1.1E − 005 to 3.6E − 005

1.1E − 005 to 3.0E − 005

P. dumerilii Octopamine α

1.3E − 05

2.6E − 07*

1.4E − 07 n.s.

3.5E − 06* P = 0.003

inactive

8.8E − 06

9.0E − 09

1.6E − 06

95% CI

4.2E − 006 to 4.1E − 005

8.4E − 008 to 7.7E − 007

6.7E − 008 to 3.0E − 007

1.8E − 006 to 6.7E − 006

 

2.5E − 006 to 3.0E − 005

4.1E − 009 to 1.9E − 008

9.7E − 007 to 2.6E − 006

S. kowalevskii Octopamine α

1.7E − 05

6.9E − 07*

1.6E − 07 * p = 0.048

5.3E − 05

2.6E − 04

1.8E − 05

7.8E − 06

2.2E − 05

95% CI

3.0E − 006 to 9.5E − 005

1.8E − 007 to 2.4E − 006

7.6E − 008 to 3.5E − 007

1.5E − 005 to 0.00018

3.4E − 006 to 0.02

7.1E − 006 to 4.7E − 005

3.1E − 006 to 1.8E − 005

1.2E − 005 to 3.6E − 005

S. kowalevskii Octopamine β

inactive

6.4E − 08***

inactive

3.5E − 06***

inactive

inactive

1.6E − 04

6.4E − 06

95% CI

 

4.0E − 008 to 1.0E − 007

 

1.4E − 006 to 8.1E − 006

  

1.0E − 005 to 0.0023

3.1E − 006 to 1.3E − 005

  1. The most effective natural ligand for each receptor is shown in bold. 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the EC50 (M)/IC50 (M) values are given in every second line. The lowest EC50 value for each receptor was compared to the next lowest one using the extra sum-of-squares F test. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.0001; ns not significant. Significance values are shown for the compared pairs