Table 1 Model notation
Life-history parameters | |
α | Number of offspring |
ω1 | Survival of the first age class (offspring) |
ω2 | Survival of the first reproductive class (parents) |
ω3 | Survival of the non-reproductive class (grandparents) |
Benefit parameters | |
a21 | Efficacy of a grandparent’s help on the survival of the offspring |
b | Effectiveness of backward help, the maximum efficacy of the parents’ help on the grandparent’s survival |