Fig. 1

Models of whole-body regeneration. a Phylogeny depicting regeneration capacity of various taxa, after [2, 89]. Species from the three taxa marked with a star were considered in this study. b Schematic of a sea star bipinnaria larva indicating the bisection plane (dashed line) and relevant anatomical features including the ciliary band epithelium (green), coelomic pouch epithelium (purple), and enteric organs (blue)