Fig. 3.

Reduced male heterozygosity in Muller element F homologs. a, b Boxplots show the distributions of heterozygous variants per Mb in males and females within genes assigned to each Muller element on a log10 scale. Each element F homolog is shown as a red dot on top of the box plot. c The points in the scatterplot show the \(\log _{2}\frac {M}{F}\) sequencing coverage and fraction of heterozygous variants in males for genes assigned to Muller elements, with element A–E homologs in gray and element F homologs in red. The standard deviations of \(\log _{2}\frac {M}{F}\) coverage and fraction of heterozygous variants in males are shown for element A–E homologs in black and element F homologs in red